Molecular Genetics

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In vitro modified genes can be introduced into cells of organisms by a variety of means. When genes are introduced into cells, such as stem cells, capable of generating a whole organism, transgenic organisms result.

• Several physical methods are available:
  • Electroporation
  • Microprecipitates
  • Microinjection
  • Biolistics
  • Liposomes
• Biological methods, using vectors, are also used.

Alternatively, "correction" of genes by single nucleotided substitution can be done by chimeroplasty.